# Kubernetes Bootstrap Guide

## 🎯 **Overview**

This guide explains how to bootstrap a complete Kubernetes cluster from scratch using Azure VMs and the `freeleaps-ops` repository. **Kubernetes does NOT create automatically** - you need to manually bootstrap the entire infrastructure.

## 📋 **Prerequisites**

### **1. Azure Infrastructure**
- ✅ Azure VMs (already provisioned)
- ✅ Network connectivity between VMs
- ✅ Azure AD tenant configured
- ✅ Resource group: `k8s`

### **2. Local Environment**
- ✅ `freeleaps-ops` repository cloned
- ✅ Ansible installed (`pip install ansible`)
- ✅ Azure CLI installed and configured
- ✅ SSH access to VMs

### **3. VM Requirements**
- **Master Nodes**: 2+ VMs for control plane
- **Worker Nodes**: 2+ VMs for workloads
- **Network**: All VMs in same subnet
- **OS**: Ubuntu 20.04+ recommended

---

## 🚀 **Step-by-Step Bootstrap Process**

### **Step 1: Verify Azure VMs**

```bash
# Check VM status
az vm list --resource-group k8s --query "[].{name:name,powerState:powerState,privateIP:privateIps}" -o table

# Ensure all VMs are running
az vm start --resource-group k8s --name <vm-name>
```

### **Step 2: Configure Inventory**

Edit the Ansible inventory file:

```bash
cd freeleaps-ops
vim cluster/ansible/manifests/inventory.ini
```

**Example inventory structure:**
```ini
[all:vars]
ansible_user=wwwadmin@mathmast.com
ansible_ssh_common_args='-o StrictHostKeyChecking=no'

[kube_control_plane]
prod-usw2-k8s-freeleaps-master-01 ansible_host=10.10.0.4 etcd_member_name=freeleaps-etcd-01 host_name=prod-usw2-k8s-freeleaps-master-01
prod-usw2-k8s-freeleaps-master-02 ansible_host=10.10.0.5 etcd_member_name=freeleaps-etcd-02 host_name=prod-usw2-k8s-freeleaps-master-02

[kube_node]
prod-usw2-k8s-freeleaps-worker-nodes-01 ansible_host=10.10.0.6 host_name=prod-usw2-k8s-freeleaps-worker-nodes-01
prod-usw2-k8s-freeleaps-worker-nodes-02 ansible_host=10.10.0.7 host_name=prod-usw2-k8s-freeleaps-worker-nodes-02

[etcd]
prod-usw2-k8s-freeleaps-master-01
prod-usw2-k8s-freeleaps-master-02

[k8s_cluster:children]
kube_control_plane
kube_node
```

### **Step 3: Test Connectivity**

```bash
cd cluster/ansible/manifests
ansible -i inventory.ini all -m ping -kK
```

### **Step 4: Bootstrap Kubernetes Cluster**

```bash
cd ../../3rd/kubespray
ansible-playbook -i ../../cluster/ansible/manifests/inventory.ini ./cluster.yml -kK -b
```

**What this does:**
- Installs Docker/containerd on all nodes
- Downloads Kubernetes binaries (v1.31.4)
- Generates certificates and keys
- Bootstraps etcd cluster
- Starts Kubernetes control plane
- Joins worker nodes
- Configures Calico networking
- Sets up OIDC authentication

### **Step 5: Get Kubeconfig**

```bash
# Get kubeconfig from master node
ssh wwwadmin@mathmast.com@10.10.0.4 "sudo cat /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf" > ~/.kube/config

# Test cluster access
kubectl get nodes
kubectl get pods -n kube-system
```

### **Step 6: Deploy Infrastructure**

```bash
cd ../../cluster/manifests

# Deploy in order
kubectl apply -f freeleaps-controls-system/
kubectl apply -f freeleaps-devops-system/
kubectl apply -f freeleaps-monitoring-system/
kubectl apply -f freeleaps-logging-system/
kubectl apply -f freeleaps-data-platform/
```

### **Step 7: Setup Authentication**

```bash
cd ../../cluster/bin
./freeleaps-cluster-authenticator auth
```

---

## 🤖 **Automated Bootstrap Script**

Use the provided bootstrap script for automated deployment:

```bash
cd freeleaps-ops/docs
./bootstrap-k8s-cluster.sh
```

**Script Features:**
- ✅ Prerequisites verification
- ✅ Azure VM status check
- ✅ Connectivity testing
- ✅ Automated cluster bootstrap
- ✅ Infrastructure deployment
- ✅ Authentication setup
- ✅ Status verification

**Usage Options:**
```bash
# Full bootstrap
./bootstrap-k8s-cluster.sh

# Only verify prerequisites
./bootstrap-k8s-cluster.sh --verify

# Only bootstrap cluster (skip infrastructure)
./bootstrap-k8s-cluster.sh --bootstrap
```

---

## 🔧 **Manual Bootstrap Commands**

If you prefer manual control, here are the detailed commands:

### **1. Install Prerequisites**

```bash
# Install Ansible
pip install ansible

# Install Azure CLI
curl -sL https://aka.ms/InstallAzureCLIDeb | sudo bash

# Install kubectl
curl -LO "https://dl.k8s.io/release/$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl"
sudo install -o root -g root -m 0755 kubectl /usr/local/bin/kubectl
```

### **2. Configure Azure**

```bash
# Login to Azure
az login

# Set subscription
az account set --subscription <subscription-id>
```

### **3. Bootstrap Cluster**

```bash
# Navigate to kubespray
cd freeleaps-ops/3rd/kubespray

# Run cluster installation
ansible-playbook -i ../../cluster/ansible/manifests/inventory.ini ./cluster.yml -kK -b
```

### **4. Verify Installation**

```bash
# Get kubeconfig
ssh wwwadmin@mathmast.com@<master-ip> "sudo cat /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf" > ~/.kube/config

# Test cluster
kubectl get nodes
kubectl get pods -n kube-system
```

---

## 🔍 **Verification Steps**

### **1. Cluster Health**

```bash
# Check nodes
kubectl get nodes -o wide

# Check system pods
kubectl get pods -n kube-system

# Check cluster info
kubectl cluster-info
```

### **2. Network Verification**

```bash
# Check Calico pods
kubectl get pods -n kube-system | grep calico

# Check network policies
kubectl get networkpolicies --all-namespaces
```

### **3. Authentication Test**

```bash
# Test OIDC authentication
kubectl auth whoami

# Check permissions
kubectl auth can-i --list
```

---

## 🚨 **Troubleshooting**

### **Common Issues**

#### **1. Ansible Connection Failed**
```bash
# Check VM status
az vm show --resource-group k8s --name <vm-name> --query "powerState"

# Test SSH manually
ssh wwwadmin@mathmast.com@<vm-ip>

# Check network security groups
az network nsg rule list --resource-group k8s --nsg-name <nsg-name>
```

#### **2. Cluster Bootstrap Failed**
```bash
# Check Ansible logs
ansible-playbook -i inventory.ini cluster.yml -kK -b -vvv

# Check VM resources
kubectl describe node <node-name>

# Check system pods
kubectl get pods -n kube-system
kubectl describe pod <pod-name> -n kube-system
```

#### **3. Infrastructure Deployment Failed**
```bash
# Check CRDs
kubectl get crd

# Check operator pods
kubectl get pods --all-namespaces | grep operator

# Check events
kubectl get events --all-namespaces --sort-by='.lastTimestamp'
```

### **Recovery Procedures**

#### **If Bootstrap Fails**
1. **Clean up failed installation**
```bash
# Reset VMs to clean state
az vm restart --resource-group k8s --name <vm-name>
```

2. **Retry bootstrap**
```bash
cd freeleaps-ops/3rd/kubespray
ansible-playbook -i ../../cluster/ansible/manifests/inventory.ini ./cluster.yml -kK -b
```

#### **If Infrastructure Deployment Fails**
1. **Check prerequisites**
```bash
kubectl get nodes
kubectl get pods -n kube-system
```

2. **Redeploy components**
```bash
kubectl delete -f <component-directory>/
kubectl apply -f <component-directory>/
```

---

## 📊 **Post-Bootstrap Verification**

### **1. Core Components**

```bash
# ArgoCD
kubectl get pods -n freeleaps-devops-system | grep argocd

# Cert-manager
kubectl get pods -n freeleaps-controls-system | grep cert-manager

# Prometheus/Grafana
kubectl get pods -n freeleaps-monitoring-system | grep prometheus
kubectl get pods -n freeleaps-monitoring-system | grep grafana

# Logging
kubectl get pods -n freeleaps-logging-system | grep loki
```

### **2. Access Points**

```bash
# ArgoCD UI
kubectl port-forward svc/argocd-server -n freeleaps-devops-system 8080:80

# Grafana UI
kubectl port-forward svc/kube-prometheus-stack-grafana -n freeleaps-monitoring-system 3000:80

# Kubernetes Dashboard
kubectl port-forward svc/kubernetes-dashboard-kong-proxy -n freeleaps-infra-system 8443:443
```

### **3. Authentication Setup**

```bash
# Setup user authentication
cd freeleaps-ops/cluster/bin
./freeleaps-cluster-authenticator auth

# Test authentication
kubectl auth whoami
kubectl get nodes
```

---

## 🔒 **Security Considerations**

### **1. Network Security**
- Ensure VMs are in private subnets
- Configure network security groups properly
- Use VPN or bastion host for access

### **2. Access Control**
- Use Azure AD OIDC for authentication
- Implement RBAC for authorization
- Regular access reviews

### **3. Monitoring**
- Enable audit logging
- Monitor cluster health
- Set up alerts

---

## 📚 **Next Steps**

### **1. Application Deployment**
- Deploy applications via ArgoCD
- Configure CI/CD pipelines
- Set up monitoring and alerting

### **2. Maintenance**
- Regular security updates
- Backup etcd data
- Monitor resource usage

### **3. Scaling**
- Add more worker nodes
- Configure auto-scaling
- Optimize resource allocation

---

## 🆘 **Support**

### **Emergency Contacts**
- **Infrastructure Team**: [Contact Information]
- **Azure Support**: [Contact Information]
- **Kubernetes Community**: [Contact Information]

### **Useful Commands**
```bash
# Cluster status
kubectl get nodes
kubectl get pods --all-namespaces

# Logs
kubectl logs -n kube-system <pod-name>

# Events
kubectl get events --all-namespaces --sort-by='.lastTimestamp'

# Resource usage
kubectl top nodes
kubectl top pods --all-namespaces
```

---

**Last Updated**: September 3, 2025
**Version**: 1.0
**Maintainer**: Infrastructure Team